## File System Integration

Because UNIX and Windows NT do not typically come with a compatible network file system, you need to add software to one operating for it to speak the language of the other. Windows NT uses the server message block (SMB) and UNIX uses the network file system (NFS). You can either make UNIX speak SMB or Windows NT speak NFS.

Given an option, people tend to prefer to do something with which they are familiar. There are third-party and public domain software solutions for both situations. These typically fall into one of the categories discussed below.

#### UNIX SMB Server

A UNIX daemon uses the SMB protocol to share file systems with Windows NT computers. This is a simple solution because it does not require you to make any modification to existing Windows-based client software or any user training for Windows NT users.

Examples: Samba and Syntax TotalNet.

#### Windows NFS Clients

Adding NFS software to every Windows computer that needs access to the UNIX file systems does not require you to make changes to the existing UNIX installation.

Examples: Intergraph IPC-NFS, FTP Software, Beame & Whiteside Connect NFS Client, NetManage, and Chameleon32NFS.

#### Windows NT NFS Server

This solution enables UNIX NFS clients to access Windows NT file systems with no changes.

Examples: Intergraph DiskShare, Xlink Omni-NFS Server, Beame & Whiteside Connect NFS Server, NetManage Chameleon32NFS, and Process Software NFSware.

#### Windows NT NFS Gateway

Installing NFS software on a single Windows NT server doesn’t require you to make changes to either the UNIX server or Windows clients. The gateway software redistributes the NFS to Windows clients using the SMB protocol. Performance is limited by the speed of the gateway. This is very similar to the scheme used by File and Print Services for NetWare (FPNW), where an NT Server gateways a NetWare file system to Windows clients.

Examples: Intergraph AccessNFS Gateway, Omniplex Omni-NFS Gateway, and Databit NFS Gateway.

#### Potential Problems and Conflicts

Because files created on UNIX do not normally have an extension, or may have an extension that exceeds three characters, this could cause problems for Windows users who wish to double-click files to open them.

To ease integration, you may want to establish some guidelines for the files shared between UNIX and Windows NT. The following are examples of actions that may alleviate the problem:

- Avoid characters that will make life difficult for command-line users. For example, spaces in file names require quoting the file name to prevent it from being interpreted as multiple file names. Instead, use underscores or hyphens.
- Give a UNIX file containing plain ASCII text an extension such as .txt. That enables most Windows editors to find and open the file.
- Use compatible file archive utilities. For example, find an archive format that can be supported on both systems, such as zip.

UNIX uses utilities such as tar, cpio, and gzip to store multiple files in a single archive. These typically preserve directory structure, file permissions, and modification dates, or compress the files. Windows NT users use PKZip or WinZip for the most part. Utilities are available for each operating system to read the native archive format of the other. Windows NT comes with the pax utility as part of the base operating system. It reads and writes files in a pax, tar, or cpio format that can be used on UNIX.

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Last Updated: December 1, 1997